Book
Islam and human rights: tradition and politics
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1
Comparisons of Rights Across Cultures: Background Issues
Why Comparative Analyses Engender Controversies
Cultural Relativism
Muslim Responses to and Involvement in the UN Human
Rights System
Summary
2
Human Rights in International Law and in Legal Systems in
Muslim Countries: Sources and Contexts
International Human Rights: Sources
Islamic Human Rights: Sources
Controversies over Islam and Human Rights
The Impact on Rights of Islamization Programs in Iran,
Pakistan, and the Sudan
The Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan and Its Aftermath
Saudi Arabia Confronts Pressures for Reforms and
Liberalization
Summary
3
Islamic Tradition and Muslim Reactions to Human Rights
The Contribution of Western Civilization
The Role of the United Nations
The Role of Islamic Law
The Premodern Islamic Heritage
Muslim Reactions to Western Constitutionalism
Muslim Ambivalence on Rights
The Persistence of Traditional Priorities and Values
Consequences of Insecure Philosophical Foundations,
Islamic Human Rights and Cultural Nationalism
Summary
4 Islamic Restrictions on Human Rights
Permissible Qualifications of Rights and Freedoms
Islamic Formulas Limiting Rights
Restrictions in the Iranian Constitution
Restrictions in the UIDHR
Restrictions in Other Islamic Human Rights Schemes
Islam and Human Rights in the New Constitutions of
Afghanistan and Iraq
Summary
5 Discrimination Against Women and Non-Muslims
Equality in the Islamic Legal Tradition
Equality in Islamic Human Rights Schemes
Equal Protection in US and International Law
Equal Protection in Islamic Human Rights Schemes,
Equality in the New Afghan and Iraqi Constitutions
Summary
6
Restrictions on the Rights and Freedoms of Women
Islamic Law and Women's Rights
Muslim Countries¿ Reactions to the Women's Convention
Tabandeh's Ideas
Mawdudi's Ideas
The UIDHR
Islamization in Iran and the Iranian Constitution
The Sudan Under Islamization
The Azhar Draft Constitution
The Cairo Declaration and the Saudi Basic Law
Women's Rights in Pakistan
The New Afghan and Iraqi Constitutions
Summary of Islamic Approaches
The Influence of Sex Stereotyping
7
Islamic Human Rights Schemes and Religious Minorities
The Treatment of Religious Minorities in Muslim Countries
International Standards Prohibiting Religious
Discrimination
Shari'a Law and the Rights of Non-Muslims
Tabandeh's Ideas
The UIDHR
The Iranian Constitution
Mawdudi and Pakistan's Ahmadi Minority
The Cairo Declaration, the Saudi Basic Law, and the Azhar
Draft Constitution
US Policies on Religious Minorities and Developments in
Afghanistan and Iraq
Summary
8
Freedom of Religion in Islamic Human Rights Schemes
Controversies Regarding the Shari'a Rule on Apostasy
Muslim Countries Confront International Human Rights Law
on Freedom of Religion
The Contemporary Significance of Penalizing Apostasy from
Islam
Tabandeh's Ideas
The UIDHR
The Azhar Draft Constitution
The Iranian Constitution,
The Sudan Under Islamization
Mawdudi and Pakistani Law Affecting Religious Freedom
The Cairo Declaration and the Saudi Basic Law
The Afghan and Iraqi Constitutions
US Interventions in the Domain of Religious Freedom
Summary
9
An Assessment of Islamic Human Rights Schemes
The Significance of Islamic Human Rights Schemes
Ambivalence in Islamic Human Rights Schemes
Actual Human Rights Concerns in the Middle East
Summary
Appendix A: Excerpts from the Iranian Constitution
Appendix B: The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in
Islam
Annotated Bibliography
Notes
Index
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